The Efficacy of Phonological-Orthographic Decoding and Encoding Training on the Fluency of Nonsense Word Reading

Reading a multi-faceted metalinguistic endeavor requiring the integration of numerous linguistic skills. Research supports the use of phonological, orthographic, and encoding interventions implemented in isolation. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of an integrated approach using phonology, orthography, and encoding to increase word reading fluency in children struggling to develop proficient reading skills.