Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent and costly musculoskeletal conditions in the United States (US) resulting in more global disability than any other condition. Most patients with acute LBP will improve over a short time, but many patients will proceed to chronicity resulting in a reduced quality of life and a high societal burden. The treatment of LBP has been studied extensively, yet the most effective treatment strategies remain to be elucidated. The purpose was to determine the short-term effectiveness of thoracic manipulation when compared to sham thoracic manipulation.